Analytical Chemistry 4 Comments / By fawadtwopointo@gmail.com / August 19, 2025 Welcome to your Analytical Chemistry Which of the following is a primary standard in titration? K2Cr2O7 Na2CO3 HCl NaOH None Which technique is used for the separation of ions in solution? Gravimetry Polarimetry Nephelometry Chromatography None The unit of absorbance in spectrophotometry is: ppm cm mol/L No unit None Beer-Lambert’s law relates absorbance with: Temperature Pressure Concentration Surface area None Which of the following is a gravimetric method? Spectroscopy Potentiometry Precipitation Conductometry None In AAS (Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy), the source of light is: Hollow cathode lamp UV lamp Sodium vapor lamp Tungsten lamp None In chromatography, Rf value is defined as: Distance travelled by solute / distance travelled by solvent None Distance travelled by solvent / solute Solvent front only None Internal standard method is applied to improve: Accuracy Sensitivity Precision Resolution None Flame photometry is mainly used to detect: Lanthanides Actinides Alkali metals Transition metals None The function of a salt bridge in electrochemical cell is: To provide electrons To maintain electrical neutrality To act as electrode To measure voltage None Which indicator is used in strong acid–strong base titration? Phenolphthalein Methyl orange Eriochrome Black T Starch None Oxidation number of Mn in KMnO4 is: +7 +6 +4 +8 None Standard electrode potential of SHE is: 0.0 V 0.5 V -1.0 V +1.0 V None Which titration involves starch indicator? Acid-base Redox (Iodometry) Precipitation Complexometric None Which electrode is used as a reference electrode? Glass electrode Platinum electrode Ag/AgCl electrode Calomel electrode None Equivalent weight of H2SO4 is: 24.5 196 98 49 None If 0.1 M NaOH solution neutralizes 25 mL of HCl, the molarity of HCl is: 0.2 M 0.05 M 0.5 M 0.1 M None Which type of error affects accuracy but not precision? Instrumental error Personal error Systematic error Random error None Which glassware is most accurate for measuring volume? Beaker Measuring cylinder Volumetric flask Conical flask None A solution contains 10 g of solute in 1 L. If molar mass = 50 g/mol, molarity is: 0.5 M 0.2 M 2.0 M 0.1 M None The principle of UV-Visible spectroscopy is: Molecules scatter light Nuclei absorb magnetic radiation Molecules absorb UV/Visible light causing electronic transitions Molecules absorb infrared radiation None IR spectroscopy is used to determine: Density Molecular mass Atomic number Functional groups None Which spectroscopy is based on nuclear spin transitions? AAS UV-Vis NMR IR None Mass spectrometry gives information about: Functional group Color pH Molecular weight None Flame color of sodium in flame test is: Violet Red Yellow Green None In AAS, flame acts as: Filter Radiation source Detector Atomizer None Which detector is used in spectrophotometer? Calorimeter Mercury thermometer Photocell Potentiometer None Raman spectroscopy is based on: Absorption of light Inelastic scattering of light Emission of light Nuclear resonance None In chromatography, stationary phase can be: Only solid Only liquid Gas Solid or liquid None In gas chromatography, carrier gas is: Mobile phase Solute Stationary phase Eluent None In gravimetric analysis, substance is usually: Measured in volume Precipitated and weighed Detected by color Weighed directly None Which is used as a primary standard in acidimetry? NaOH HCl KOH Na2CO3 None Equivalent weight of KMnO4 in acidic medium is: 158 158/5 158/2 158/3 None Precipitation titrations are commonly used for: Phosphate determination Sulfate determination Nitrate determination Chloride determination None Which indicator is used in EDTA titration? Starch Phenolphthalein Methyl orange Eriochrome Black T None The titration between AgNO3 and NaCl is known as: Permanganometry Mohr’s method Complexometry Iodometry None The process of back titration is used when: Standard solution is unstable Solute is volatile Reaction is fast Reaction is slow None In iodometric titration, thiosulfate is used as: Indicator Reducing agent Oxidizing agent Solvent None A blank titration is performed to: Increase precision Reduce concentration Increase sensitivity Increase accuracy None Normality of 0.5 M H2SO4 is: 1.0 N 0.5 N 0.25 N 2.0 N None The glass electrode is commonly used for measuring: pH Potential difference Conductivity Temperature None Conductometric titration is based on measuring changes in: Resistance Voltage Current Conductance None In potentiometric titration, the indicator is replaced by: Salt bridge Internal standard Electrode potential measurement Light detector None The unit of molar conductivity is: S cm² mol⁻¹ V cm S mol cm ohm cm None The electrode used to measure dissolved oxygen is: Calomel electrode Clark electrode Glass electrode Ag/AgCl electrode None Buffer solutions resist change in: Viscosity Temperature pH Conductivity None Which ion-selective electrode is used for determination of fluoride ion? Glass electrode Lanthanum fluoride electrode Silver electrode Calomel electrode None The slope of Nernst equation at 25°C is: 0.0591 V 2.303 V 0.0197 V 1.0 V None A polarograph uses which type of electrode? Glass electrode Reference electrode Dropping mercury electrode Platinum electrode None Which method is best for determination of trace metals in water? Conductometry Atomic absorption spectroscopy Flame photometry Gravimetry None Which type of error cannot be eliminated? Method error Systematic error Random error Instrumental error None Accuracy of a method refers to: Sensitivity Closeness to true value Reproducibility Calibration None Precision refers to: Closeness to true value Reproducibility of results Selectivity Sensitivity None A sample that represents the whole population is called: Composite sample Gross sample Random sample Standard sample None Which test is used to detect outliers in data? Grubbs’ test ANOVA F-test Student’s t-test None Confidence interval depends upon: Mean only Median Range only Standard deviation None Which error occurs due to personal bias of analyst? Random error Instrumental error Gross error Systematic error None The measure of spread of data is: Standard deviation Median Mean Mode None Which statistical test compares variances? Chi-square test ANOVA F-test t-test None Replicate analysis is performed to improve: Accuracy Precision Detection limit Sensitivity None TLC stands for: Thermal Layer Chromatography Total Liquid Chromatography Thin Layer Chromatography Thin Liquid Column None In HPLC, the mobile phase is usually: Gas Plasma Liquid Solid None Partition coefficient is ratio of: Concentration in stationary phase to mobile phase Weight of solute to solvent Volume of solute to solvent Solute to sample None Retention time in chromatography is: Time taken by solute to pass through column Migration rate of solvent None Time of solvent flow None Which chromatography separates enantiomers? Ion-exchange Gel filtration Chiral chromatography Paper None Gel filtration chromatography separates molecules based on: Polarity Solubility Charge Size None In ion-exchange chromatography, stationary phase is: Neutral support Charged resin Non-polar solid Liquid solvent None Gas chromatography detectors include: Mercury thermometer Salt bridge FID IR lamp None The main limitation of TLC is: Requires high volume Expensive Low resolution Only works with gases None Capillary electrophoresis separates analytes by: Solubility Color Absorption Size-to-charge ratio None Beer-Lambert law fails at: Low concentrations Infinite dilution High concentrations Normal concentration None Which region of IR shows fingerprint region? 4000–2500 cm⁻¹ 2500–2000 cm⁻¹ 1500–400 cm⁻¹ 2000–1500 cm⁻¹ None Proton NMR chemical shift is measured in: M cm⁻¹ ppm nm None Which nucleus is NMR active? ¹⁶O ¹H ¹²C ³²S None In AAS, which flame is commonly used? Nitrogen-methane Air-acetylene Oxygen-hydrogen Oxygen-propane None In fluorescence spectroscopy, emitted radiation has: Equal wavelength Lower wavelength than excitation Variable Longer wavelength than excitation None Which type of spectroscopy is used to detect trace organic pollutants? AAS Conductometry Fluorescence UV-Vis None Which is used as a monochromator in spectrophotometers? Glass prism IR detector Electrode Hollow cathode lamp None Detector in NMR is based on: Absorption of IR Electron diffraction Radiofrequency signal Absorption of UV None ESI is an ionization technique used in: IR Potentiometry Mass spectrometry UV None Thermogravimetric analysis measures: Mass change with temperature Pressure change Volume change Color change None DSC stands for: Differential Scanning Calorimetry Direct Sample Chromatography Dynamic Standard Calibration Digital Surface Chemistry None BET method is used to determine: Density Surface area Conductivity Molecular mass None Which technique is used to determine crystallinity? IR spectroscopy Flame test Polarimetry X-ray diffraction None Which technique is suitable for water of crystallization determination? Gravimetric analysis UV-Vis IR Flame photometry None EDTA is mainly used for estimation of: Non-metals Bases Acids Metals None COD in water analysis is determined by: Flame photometry AAS Dichromate method EDTA titration None Hardness of water is measured by: Gravimetry EDTA titration Mohr’s method Redox titration None BOD stands for: Basic Oxygen Determination Biochemical Oxygen Demand Biological Organic Demand Biochemical Oxygen Determination None Kjeldahl method is used for determination of: Oxygen Carbon Sulfur Nitrogen None Turbidity of water is measured in: ppm NTU dS/m mg/L None Flame atomic emission is most sensitive for: Alkali metals Actinides Halogens Transition metals None Gravimetric filter used for trace analysis is: Whatman filter paper No. 42 Filter funnel Millipore Nylon filter None pH range of phenolphthalein indicator is: 3–5 8.3–10 11–13 1–3 None Limit of detection (LOD) means: Average concentration Lowest concentration detected Highest concentration detected Calibration slope None Which technique measures optical rotation? Polarimetry Turbidimetry Calorimetry Nephelometry None Nephelometry measures: Light scattered by particles Density Heat evolved Light absorbed None Which titration uses adsorption indicators? Complexometric Acid-base Redox Precipitation titration None Which is a non-destructive analytical technique? Titrimetry X-ray fluorescence Gravimetry Dry ashing None Flame emission intensity is proportional to: Wavelength Temperature of flame Concentration of analyte Pressure None 1 out of 1 Time's upTime is Up!
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