🔹 Section A – Short Questions (Short Answers)
(1) How does chemistry help the doctor to know about the chemical nature of medicine?
Chemistry helps doctors understand the composition, reactions, and effects of medicines in the human body, allowing for correct dosage and safe usage.
(2) In what way does the technological innovation help to understand the development of new medicine?
Technology allows fast drug discovery, accurate testing, and advanced tools like AI and genetic analysis to create effective and personalized medicines.
(3) Differentiate between geochemistry and astrochemistry?
Geochemistry studies the Earth’s chemical composition, while astrochemistry studies the chemical processes in space like stars and planets.
(4) With the help of an example correlated use of science, technology and engineering?
In X-ray machines: science explains radiation, technology builds the device, and engineering ensures safe and practical design for hospitals.
(5) With the help of Venn diagram compare and contrast organic and inorganic compounds?
- Organic: Contain carbon, found in living things (e.g., glucose)
- Inorganic: May not contain carbon, found in minerals (e.g., NaCl)
- Both: Have elements, chemical bonds, and reactions
(6) What are the uses of nuclear chemistry?
Used in cancer treatment, electricity production, radiocarbon dating, nuclear weapons, and scientific research.
🔸 Section B – Long Questions (Detailed Answers)
(7) Define chemistry and its interaction with other matter and energy.
Chemistry is the branch of science that deals with the structure, composition, and changes of matter. It explains how substances interact with each other and with energy. Chemical reactions either absorb or release energy. For example, when wood burns, it reacts with oxygen to release heat and light — this shows chemistry’s interaction with energy. Chemistry also helps us understand physical changes (like melting) and chemical changes (like rusting), both of which involve matter and energy transformations.
(8) Describe the application of inorganic chemistry and its importance in our daily lives.
Inorganic chemistry is the study of elements and compounds not based on carbon-hydrogen bonds. It plays an essential role in our lives:
- Medicines: Inorganic salts and minerals are used in treatments (e.g., iron tablets).
- Agriculture: Fertilizers like ammonium nitrate and superphosphate are inorganic.
- Industry: Inorganic compounds are used in paints, ceramics, and glass.
- Cleaning agents: Many acids and bases like bleach or toilet cleaner are inorganic.
These applications show how inorganic chemistry helps improve health, agriculture, and industry.
(9) With the help of few examples highlight the relation between science, technology, and engineering.
Science provides the knowledge, technology applies it, and engineering builds solutions. For example:
- Mobile phones: Physics (science) explains signal transmission, technology uses software and hardware, and engineering designs and builds the phone.
- Bridges: Physics and chemistry explain materials’ strength, engineering applies the designs, and technology aids in construction.
These fields work together to improve daily life and solve complex problems.
(10) Evaluate the role of chemistry in environmental science.
Chemistry plays a key role in understanding and solving environmental problems. It helps identify pollutants in air, water, and soil and suggests ways to reduce them. For example:
- Chemistry helps monitor air quality by detecting gases like CO₂ and SO₂.
- It helps design eco-friendly materials like biodegradable plastics.
- Water purification techniques like chlorination are based on chemical reactions.
Thus, chemistry helps us manage resources and reduce environmental damage.
(11) How does geochemistry help us to solve the problems such as pollution and climate change?
Geochemistry studies Earth’s chemical systems. It helps track pollutants in soil and water, identify contamination sources, and suggest cleanup strategies. It also monitors carbon levels in the environment, helping scientists understand global warming and predict climate change. For instance, by analyzing ice cores and sediments, geochemists can study past climates and forecast future trends. This data is essential in making climate policies and managing natural disasters.
(12) How is organic chemistry applied in medicine, biochemistry, and industrial science?
Organic chemistry focuses on carbon-based compounds. In medicine, it helps develop drugs like antibiotics and painkillers. In biochemistry, it explains the chemical behavior of molecules like proteins, DNA, and enzymes. In industry, organic chemistry is used to make plastics, synthetic fibers, dyes, and fuels. For example, paracetamol (a common painkiller) and nylon (a synthetic fiber) are both products of organic chemistry. This field is crucial for health, life sciences, and manufacturing.
